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SAT Prep / Information and Ideas / Inferences
SAT Reading & Writing · Information and Ideas

InferencesHow the SAT tests it — and how to beat it

Selecting the statement that most logically completes a passage's reasoning — strictly bounded by what the text actually establishes.

Practice Inferences FreeAll of Information and Ideas

Inferences in Our Question Bank

44

Total questions

16

Easy

12

Medium

16

Hard

What the SAT Actually Tests

Inference questions end a passage with a blank preceded by 'therefore' or 'this suggests that' and ask what most logically completes the text. Despite the name, they reward the smallest possible step beyond the text — the correct completion is almost forced by the premises.

Treat the passage as premises in an argument and ask: what conclusion do these premises guarantee? The right answer typically synthesizes exactly two facts stated in the text. Wrong answers require outside knowledge, overreach with words like 'all' or 'never,' or introduce a new topic the premises never touched.

Real Inferences Practice Questions

Straight from the Grind1600 question bank — try each one before revealing the answer.

Question 1easy
The following text is adapted from an informational passage written for a broad audience. The city of Riverside recently installed solar-powered streetlights along its main boulevard. These new lights cost 40% less to operate than the old electric streetlights they replaced. Additionally, the solar lights require less frequent maintenance because they have fewer mechanical components. The city council plans to expand the solar streetlight program to residential neighborhoods next year. Based on the text, what can most reasonably be inferred about the city council's decision to expand the solar streetlight program?
  • A)The council is expanding the program primarily because residents have complained about the brightness of the old streetlights.
  • B)The council expects the solar streetlights in residential areas to cost more than those on the main boulevard.
  • C)The council is expanding the program because federal law requires all cities to use solar-powered streetlights.
  • D)The council likely views the initial solar streetlight installation as successful due to reduced operating costs and maintenance needs.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

Choice D is the best answer because the text describes the solar lights' lower operating costs (40% less) and reduced maintenance, and the council's plan to expand the program reasonably implies it views the initial installation as successful. Choice A invents a complaint about brightness, Choice B claims residential lights will cost more, and Choice C asserts a federal requirement—none of these is supported by the text.

Question 2medium
The following text is adapted from an informational passage written for a broad audience. In the mid-nineteenth century, Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis observed that the mortality rate from childbed fever was dramatically higher in a maternity ward staffed by medical students than in a ward staffed by midwives. Semmelweis noticed that the medical students often came directly from performing autopsies to delivering babies without washing their hands. When he instituted a policy requiring hand-washing with a chlorinated lime solution, the mortality rate in the students' ward dropped to levels comparable to the midwives' ward. Despite this striking evidence, Semmelweis's colleagues largely rejected his findings, and he was eventually dismissed from his position. Based on the text, what can most reasonably be inferred about the medical establishment's response to Semmelweis?
  • A)The medical community at the time did not yet accept the idea that physicians themselves could be transmitting disease to patients.
  • B)Semmelweis's colleagues agreed with his findings but lacked the resources to implement hand-washing protocols.
  • C)The mortality rate in the midwives' ward was higher than in the medical students' ward before Semmelweis's intervention.
  • D)Semmelweis's chlorinated lime solution was later proven to be ineffective at killing pathogens.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A

Despite clear evidence that hand-washing reduced mortality, Semmelweis's colleagues rejected his findings. The most reasonable inference is that they could not accept the implication that doctors were inadvertently causing patient deaths—a concept that challenged prevailing medical beliefs.

Traps to Avoid

  • Choosing the most interesting or plausible-sounding completion instead of the most strictly supported one.
  • Selecting answers with absolute language when the premises only support a qualified claim.
  • Completing with a restatement of one premise rather than a conclusion drawn from them together.

More Information and Ideas Skills

Central Ideas & Details

Identifying a passage's main idea and locating the specific details that support it — the core reading-comprehension skill on the SAT.

Command of Evidence (Textual)

Choosing the quotation or finding that most directly supports, illustrates, or weakens a stated claim or hypothesis.

Command of Evidence (Quantitative)

Using data from tables and graphs to complete or support a passage's argument — reading the graphic precisely is the whole game.

Master Inferences With Adaptive Practice

44 Inferences questions with step-by-step explanations, woven into a day-by-day study plan built for your test date.

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